{"content":{"sharePage":{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"51586708","dateCreated":"1331519999","smartDate":"Mar 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"carlson800","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/carlson800","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/c-changeintroduction.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/51586708"},"dateDigested":1532768678,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Reflection","description":"Add your response to the reflection question here.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"54486368","body":"Dear Richard,
\n
\nGreetings and hope you are in better health now. Following our discussion a few weeks ago, i wanted to remind you that the reflection exercises and challenges for the units are still missing. Since you had committed to do these, please ensure that you get them in by this Friday. Let me know if you are stuck and need any support to do this. I will be on phone tomorrow or skype, should you wish to speak about this. This should be easy especially since you have read through most of the reference materials for the units. Looking forward to reading your reflection assignments.","dateCreated":"1337783628","smartDate":"May 23, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"ckakaire","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/ckakaire","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"54576142","body":"Greetings to you all. Kindly find time to see that we complete this course. Time is running out and we only got the coming week. Since you were interested in the course please keep the spirit. I know that we have been in exams, now that most papers are done, use the following week to concentrate and finish the four units. Waiting for your posts. If you have challeges, raise then on this forum i will attend to you.","dateCreated":"1338006027","smartDate":"May 25, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"K-fred","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/K-fred","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"54598266","body":"I find "stages of change" as the pivot to all these theories,if an individual behavior change is to take place the person has to has to begin from some where.I would even think that it is not a theory but a process that facilitates other theories to be accomplished","dateCreated":"1338153371","smartDate":"May 27, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"Mashero","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/Mashero","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"54818052","body":"REFLECTION
\nQn.1
\nProject problem: Sexual Networking
\nThe useful theories that I have used in my project:
\nA few theories and models were useful in my project which is a campaign to stop sexual networks.
\n
\n1. Stages of Change theory (Individual level): in my project, to stop the sexual network, one has to go through all the stages of change which include;
\n\u2022 pre-contemplation,
\n\u2022 contemplation,
\n\u2022 preparation,
\n\u2022 action,
\n\u2022 Maintenance.
\nThese stages prepare a person at a certain rate because after all, stopping a habit, behavioral change like sexual network cannot be done in a day. One cannot jump from pre-contemplation to maintenance. Each of the levels or stages in this theory have to be planned with relevant messages for the right people at the right time.
\nThis theory though is not so useful in this project because different people behave differently according to their demographics; age, sex, economic status, beliefs, norms, among others even when this is at the individual level. Therefore, you will find that people will react differently because of factors of demographics, environment among others. This problem therefore explains how careful one should be in designing messages at these different levels, not forgetting that they are going to different people, this is a challenge.
\n
\n
\n
\n2. Social Cognitive theory (Interpersonal level); This theory was so useful in my project, sexual networks because it is mostly from the interactions that individuals indulge themselves into for example in groups, peers, bars, social networks like Facebook, Twitter, among others that force them to get involved with many people sexually (sexual network). Individual make use of the social environment to learn from what is going on in their surrounding, the common dialogues, for example of late, in the past months, upto May, \u201cGet off the sexual network\u201d was the talk due to maybe extended advertising, campaigns, so if a friend told a friend about it, or the talk being all over, then it is an important message to pay attention to.
\nTherefore by using the Social Cognitive theory, behavioral change or getting off the sexual network can also be done through learning and observing;
\n\u2022 The actions of others; what are my peers or associates doing?
\n\u2022 Consequences of the actions; what positive and negative effects have people on sexual networks been exposed to? Do the negative out-weigh the positive effects?
\n\u2022 Effects on your own life; is this good behavior good for me? how has sexual networking affected my life, relationships. Have you contracted any sexually transmitted diseases and other behaviors from this vice?
\n\u2022 Trying out actions, this depends on individual ability to believe they can change positively and get off the sexual network. (self efficacy)
\n
\n
\n3. Diffusion of Innovations theory (Community level). This theory was also helpful since it looks outside the individual and interpersonal levels of change and therefore it is so much relevant to my project, sexual network because this vice involves more than two people, it looks at a bigger group of people.
\nIn this theory, we look at messages, ideas and practices spread across the whole community through social networks but change depends on the way, importance and perceptions of these ideas and practices.
\nAccording to my understanding, this theory looks at how ideas can spread through mass media for example the perception you will have on an advert on TV about getting off the sexual network, is it a good idea or not?","dateCreated":"1338914314","smartDate":"Jun 5, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"Daphne23","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/Daphne23","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}}],"more":0}]},{"id":"51586698","dateCreated":"1331519983","smartDate":"Mar 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"carlson800","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/carlson800","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/c-changeintroduction.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/51586698"},"dateDigested":1532768678,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Activities","description":"Add your contribution to the activities discussion here.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"51586678","dateCreated":"1331519961","smartDate":"Mar 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"carlson800","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/carlson800","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/c-changeintroduction.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/51586678"},"dateDigested":1532768678,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Challenge","description":"Add your response to the challenge here.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"54727984","body":"UNIT 2 ASIGHNMENTS
\nHow do your current projects touch on the multiple rings in the model? on Ring 4 (self) , Linking with alcoholism am trying to change individual behaviours by influencing the factors to the intended audience. For example The Stages of Change Theory at the individual level is conceptualized as a five-stage process related to a person's readiness to change: a) pre-contemplation, b) contemplation, c) preparation, d) action, and e) maintenance. People progress through these stages at varying rates, often moving back and forth along the continuum a number of times before attaining the goal of maintenance. When applying this theory i think about my audience with respect to the desired action which is alcoholiam, also the information that they need like being aware about the dangers of alcoholism i n order to change their behaviour. Looking at the person\u2019s readiness to change to stop drinking and how is this person coping regarding to the number of times that he engages in drinking for example, how many times does he or she drink per month? Is he reducing the number of drinking? If the person stops drinking, is he maintaining?
\n
\nLooking at Ring 3 (interpersonal), the social learning theory which posits that people learn how to behave by: 1) observing the actions of others, 2) observing the apparent consequences of those actions, 3) checking those consequences for their own life, and 4) rehearsing, then trying out those actions themselves. Linking with the situation of alcoholism people can begin drinking by observing the behaviour of others and then rehearsing, trying out drinking alcohol by themselves. My communication program focuses on this in order to facilitate change. A key concept to measure would also be the individual's level of self-efficacy: to what degree do people believe that they can stop drinking?
\nAre there rings that you have not considered? I haven\u2019t considered Ring 1&2 (community) (enabling environment) because my project mostly emphasizes on individual change and among the groups at interpersonal level although ring 1&2 can come in as an added advantage on the project. What are the likely effects of this? The effect it has is that it can generate a positive change but not so effective because the situation like that of alcoholism touches mostly at an individual level and interpersonal. Are there rings to which you have given too much emphasis? The rings that i have give much emphasize include 3&4 on interpersonal and self considering my project What are the likely effects of this? the possible effects include generating a effective positive change amongst the audience for example men addicted to alcoholism can realise the consequences and stop alcoholism slowly by slowly, also the role that the theories involved in each theory play.
\nWhat roles do values, norms, attitudes, and beliefs listed in the triangle play?
\n Attitudes and beliefs e.g., attitudes towards alcoholism or beliefs about the benefit of alcoholism. Use of SBCC through effective counselling, peer education, entertaining radio, or TV programs can change people\u2019s believes and attitudes. If done well, such communication can foster individual attitudinal and behavioural change, as well as social norm.
\nNorms as expressed in perceived norms, sociocultural, and gender norms have considerable influence. Norms reflect the values of the group and specify those actions that are expected of the individual by its surrounding society. Perceived norms are those that an individual believes others are holding and therefore are expected of him or herself. Sociocultural norms are those that the community as a whole is following because of social status or cultural conventions. Gender norms shape the society's view on what is expected of males and females.
\n
\nWhich theories or models have you used in your projects? What has been useful about them? I have used The Theory of Principles of Social Learning which posits that people learn how to behave by: 1) observing the actions of others, 2) observing the apparent consequences of those actions, 3) checking those consequences for their own life, and 4) rehearsing, then trying out those actions themselves. A communication program focused on this theory would build on modeling desired behaviours by leaders, gate keepers and key individuals in the community who can advise people to stop drinking through their actions. A key concept to measure would also be the individual's level of self-efficacy: to what degree do people believe that they have the ability to achieve the desired results by their own actions?
\n Another theory include:
\nThe Change Theory which is conceptualized as a five-stage process related to a person's readiness to change: a) pre-contemplation, b) contemplation, c) preparation, d) action, and e) maintenance. People progress through these stages at varying rates, often moving back and forth along the continuum a number of times before attaining the goal of maintenance. When applying this theory i was thinking alcoholic addicts which are my target audience with respect to the desired action, also focusing on the information and message they need at this stage. What has been useful about them? What has been less useful?
\nWhat is useful about these theories like the change theory the five-stage process related to a person\u2019s readiness to change because people progress through this stages if motivated accordingly.
\nOPTIONAL discussion questions:
\n
\nFor ONE of the scenarios above address ONE of the following questions in the discussion for this unit:
\n1. Is change needed? If so, what kind of change? Identify the policy, norms, beliefs, or behaviours that need to be changed.
\nYes, change is needed. Behavioural change and social change whereby on the scenario about Thandi, her mother believes that their neighbour bewitched them which is a
\nBelieve that should be addresses to bring about positive change in their mindset on the issue of witchcraft. On the scenario about Joe change is needed to make him get off other sexual network. Baring the fact that Joe has a wife and a lady she sees outside marriage. The believes that need to be changed include the beliefs of witchcraft the behaviour of sexual network.","dateCreated":"1338532001","smartDate":"May 31, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"wasikerose","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/wasikerose","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"54728088","body":"Unit 3
\nConsider SBCC project you are working on or have worked on in the past. How could this project include\/have included all three strategies of SBCC?
\nWhich strategy\/strategies would you have focused on and why?
\n
\nThe SBCC program am working on (alcoholism) can combine advocacy, social mobilization and behaviour change communication strategy in terms of organizing campaigns to raise resources that can help in the project which include Commitment to mobilize funds from different sectors.
\n
\n
\nIncluding the government to put up laws that can reduce the level of alcohol consumption and making sure that these laws are implemented.
\n
\nForming coalition between community leaders, spiritual and traditional leaders that can help in project facilitation by educating and informing people on the dangers of alcohol
\nHigh quality training through publicity and community media, informing people on the dangers of alcohol and educating them on how to control and manage those addicted within the community for example putting up projects that can keep people busy so as not to think of alcohol.
\n
\n Which strategy\/strategies would you have focused on and why?
\nThe strategy i would focus on is behaviour change communication because i can be able to identify analyse and segment the audience and participants in the program.BCC also has an advantage of providing information and motivation through strategies like use of media channels to inform and educate people on alcoholism plus the dangers that come with it. I can use media channels like radio, television, news papers and magazines among others.
\n
\nI would also focus on advocacy because a project cannot be successful without gathering and organizing information for the purpose of raising resources or gaining political and social leadership acceptance and commitment.","dateCreated":"1338532633","smartDate":"May 31, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"wasikerose","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/wasikerose","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"54917196","body":"On the Social Ecological models,my topic included The rings in the social norms as well as culture,This is under the circle of enabling environment.It considered advocacy where i talked about Using THE opinion leaders in advocacy of the corruption campaign.i also included participation of both the stakeholders and the affected people.I also considered the funds or capital.Under the diffusion models i included opinion leaders,as regards individuals i looked at them but not in details as portrayed by the socio Ecological Model.
\n
\n
\nIn my project,i realise i left out pretty much which would catapult my project if I had fully utilised the Socio Ecological Model.For instance,i paid no heed to The Agenda setting.This is key as this theory says people place more attention to the topics that are usually emphasized by the media.In short the media sets the agenda.
\n
\nI didnot look at persuasion.In the diffussion of innovation I Only looked at the role of the opinion leaders but didnot look at the diffussion stages.The social Networks were not part in my project.The community organisation theries were not included.I didnot connect the culture to the structures.I left out Gender which is important because for this project to be a success,i need both men and women to be part.I also left out the social marketing approach.Which would have helped my project further.
\n
\n
\nThe likely effects includefailure of the project at some stages
\n
\nI placed so much emphasis at Participation,opinion leaders among others
\n
\nSocial norms play a big role because it is on them that the community will either mobilise to a cause or not","dateCreated":"1339268477","smartDate":"Jun 9, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"nakikatasophie","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/nakikatasophie","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"55042896","body":"Social Ecological Model on HIV Counseling and Testing
\nPeople who do not know their status (Most affected)
\nMen and women of reproductive age who are sexually active, both urban and rural
\nPurpose
\nMinimize social stigma
\nIncreased opportunity to educate and provide risk assessment
\nAssess their HIV risk
\nTalk to their partners about each other\u2019s status need for an HIV test
\nDisclosure of their HIV status to their sexual partners
\nBenefits
\n HIV Positive individual
\n Early access to care and support ,Treatment and care decisions made, which can reduce the levels of stress and improve the quality of life for people living with HIV\/AIDS .
\n Prevention of re-infection and other STIs
\n support those who test as couples to reduce tension and blaming so that they can discuss concerns and help them cope with their situation.
\n Prevention of HIV transmission to partner\/unborn child
\n Encourages partner disclosure and testing
\nHIV negative individual
\n Risk reduction for the HIV negative individual
\n Reduced anxiety and fear
\n Motivation to remain negative
\n Encourages partner disclosure and testing.
\nHIV counseling and testing can result to;
\nHIV counseling Testing service providers (direct Influencers)
\nThese are people who deal directly with the most affected, the are at HCIV,HCIII and private NGO clinics
\nPurpose
\nThey are in touch the client\u2019s real behavior situation and in this they help them asses their risk to HIV, and in instances of couples they can diffuse tension, blaming and resolve conflicts so that they can develop a behavioral risk reduction plan
\nBenefits
\nThis will increase the levels of knowledge and skills in HIV\/AIDS counseling
\nThey the people who collect data and this can facilitate better allocation of resources in planning process and for research purpose
\nIt can bring about self development and career enhancement through on job trainings
\nReduces stigma and discrimination
\n Serves as catalyst for the implementation of care and support services.
\n Creates optimism as large numbers of people test HIV negative
\nReligious leaders and faith based organizations (indirect influencers)
\nThese are both Male and female from any faith based affiliated institution that interacts with people who are sexually active
\nPurpose
\nThe reason to involve them is that;
\n\u2022 They are highly influential in social matters and religious matters
\n\u2022 They are honored and respected in the communities
\n\u2022 They interact with the community at least once a week and there fore they are able to know what is happening
\n\u2022 They are also involved in pre- marital counseling
\nWhen these people are involved it HCT becomes part of their sermons to dispel the myths and talk about the benefits of HCT which can increase the number of people going for Testing
\nBenefits
\nReligious leaders can be able to communicate effectively about HCT and also feel empowered and are part of the national HIV struggle which can bring continuity of information flow even after the BCC campaign has ended
\nReduces stigma and discrimination
\n
\nMuch emphasis has been put on the SELF because that is where the impact is measured,i have involved less the outside instead i have chosen the religious leaders to represent the community","dateCreated":"1339958220","smartDate":"Jun 17, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"Mashero","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/Mashero","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}}],"more":0}]}],"more":false},"comments":[]},"http":{"code":200,"status":"OK"},"redirectUrl":null,"javascript":null,"notices":{"warning":[],"error":[],"info":[],"success":[]}}